China Cotton Origin and Cotton Characteristics

China is the largest producer of cotton production in the world. The cotton planting belts are generally distributed at latitudes 18 degrees-46 degrees north, longitudes 76 degrees-124 degrees east, temperatures >10 degrees, and 22 provinces and cities where cotton is produced. The area of ​​cotton fields is More than 400,000 hectares have 7 (Xinjiang, Henan, Jiangsu, Hubei, Shandong, Hebei, and Anhui); There are 4 more than 100,000 hectares (Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Shanxi): Other provinces and cities are only sporadic Planting.
Divided from the region, there are mainly three major cotton producing regions, namely Xinjiang Cotton Region, Yellow River Basin Cotton Region, Yangtze River Valley Cotton Region 1, and Xinjiang Cotton Region, which mainly include Xinjiang and Gansu Provinces. Xinjiang Cotton is mainly used in China. Xinjiang produces about 50% of cotton production in China.
The area has sufficient sunshine, dry climate and scarce rainfall, belonging to the irrigation cotton area. The farming system is one year old, the cotton fields are concentrated, the planting scale is large, the degree of mechanization is high, the yield per unit is high, the color of the original cotton is good, and the content of “three wires” is relatively Low in other cotton areas.
The Xinjiang cotton area mainly includes the southern Xinjiang and northern Xinjiang. In the past, Xinjiang cotton had the problem of sugar, and now with the improvement of varieties, there is less sugar. However, the cotton fiber strength in Xinjiang is lower than that in the Yellow River and the Yangtze River basin, mainly due to the low moisture regain.
(1) South Xinjiang (with Tianshan as the boundary): Long hours of light, temperature in southern Xinjiang is higher than in northern Xinjiang, and planting time and picking time are good. It is characterized by good whiteness, good length, good consistency, and good micronaire value, mainly A--B2 grade, fine fineness, can spin more than 40 yarns, processing quality is better than the inland, low moisture regain (standard At 8.5%), due to the high temperature, the cotton moisture regain rate can reach about 6-7%, and the cotton is above grade 3, which is better than the northern Xinjiang. In addition, China's only long-staple cotton production area is located in Aksu, southern Xinjiang, and the length of long-staple cotton fibers is 36-37mm, which is second only to Egyptian long-staple cotton and is better than that of American Pima cotton.
(2) Northern Xinjiang: The duration of light is shorter than that of southern Xinjiang. It is cloudy and rainy, and the water volume is large. The micronaire value is lower than that of southern Xinjiang. The strength is low, and the luster and whiteness are lower than those in southern Xinjiang. It is mainly grade 3, and has high water content. It can be spun for 40s. - 60s yarn.
2. Yellow River Basin The Yellow River Basin cotton area is currently a cotton area with a large area of ​​cotton growing in China, including Hebei Province (except the Great Wall north of China), Shandong Province, Henan Province (excluding Nanyang and Xinyang), southern Shanxi, and Shaanxi. Guanzhong, Gannan, Gannan, Jiangsu, Anhui provinces north of the Huaihe River and suburbs of Beijing and Tianjin.
The sunshine in the cotton region of the Yellow River Basin is relatively sufficient, the heat conditions are still good, the soil fertility is medium, and the amount of annual precipitation is moderate. Under normal years, the fiber quality is better. However, due to the improper allocation of crops in some regions, the degree of harm to pests and insects varies, coupled with low temperatures and low temperatures in late years of some years, resulting in unstable annual fiber quality.
Similar to cotton in Shandong and Hebei, the color is good, the luster is good, the fiber is long, the low cashmere rate is low, and the strength is good. It is one grade higher than Hubei, and the micronaire value is small. It can spin 40 yarns, but there are more than three yarns.
In addition to Nanyang and Xinyang, Henan is planted on land, with a short production period, low cotton strength, high fineness, no good color in Shandong and Hebei, short sawing and high velvet, and can also be spun for 40s. Nanyang and Xinyang regions are not interplanting, and the cotton quality is similar to Hubei cotton.
3. Yangtze River Basin The cotton region of the Yangtze River Basin is located in the humid subtropical region of Central Asia. Commodity cotton production is mainly concentrated in the coastal and riverside areas of Jiangsu Province, the Yangtze River Estuary Cotton Area in Shanghai, the Qiantang River Estuary Cotton Area in Zhejiang Province, the Yanjiang Cotton Area in Anhui Province, and Jiangxi Province. Poyang Lake cotton area, Hunan Dongting Lake cotton area, Hubei Jianghan Plain cotton area, across Henan, Hubei Nanxun Basin cotton area and Sichuan Basin cotton area and other places.
Among them, Hunan and Hubei have relatively large cotton production. Its cotton is characterized by good maturity, high micronaire value, and rough fibers. More than 80% of the cotton micronaires have a value of 4 or more, three filaments less, and the short cashmere rate is lower than Henan, the color is gray, and 21 can be spun. 32 yarns.
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